California designated the square dance as the official state folk dance of California in 1988. California leads the nation with more than 200,000 residents square dancing weekly. 22 states have passed legislation to declare the square dance as a state symbol (see state cultural symbols), and more than 30 bills have been introduced at the federal level proposing the square dance as the national (folk) dance of the United States (beginning in 1965).

Every region has folk customs - they give people a special sense of identity and belonging to a group. The square dance provided pioneers with recreation and social contact with neighbors - and is still doing that today! From An American Folk Custom by Richard M. MacKinnon:

In The Complete Book of Square Dancing, Betty Casey writes,

"The square dan. Borrowed bits from foreign dances such as French quadrilles, Irish jigs, English reels, and Spanish fandangos have blended with American folkways and customs into the square dance."

The vague, anonymous and rural origins of American square dancing were first explored in Lloyd Shaw's Cowboy Dances, written in 1939:

"Had these Western dances been the dances of scholars, every variant would have been recorded and fully annotated. Chronologies and pedigrees and records would have been kept. But these were the dances of country folk, who kept all their essential knowledge written only on the uncertain pages of memory! They were the dances of laconic folk who didn't tell all they knew even under questioning! They were often the dances of secretive folk who were somewhat jealous of their special talent and special knowledge. ... So all we have to go by in our speculations is the internal evidence presented by the dances themselves."

Source:

History and Culture - State Insignia: California State Library
An American Folk Custom by Richard M. MacKinnon
Animation from: Square Dancing Icons & Clipart

Links:

The Moves: Do Sa Do
Ed Gilmore's Caller Instruction Course: Dosado.com
Dance Quotations: by Henry Morgenstein
Cultural Symbols - 50 states